2025年全国大学英语四级考试（CET-4）全真模拟试题及答案三
2025/7/1
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2025年全国大学英语四级考试（CET-4）全真模拟试题及答案三,更多英语四六级考试相关资讯请继续查看易考吧
1). In recent years, Israeli consumers have grown more demanding as they’ve become wealthier and more worldly-wise.Foreign travel is a national passion; this summer alone, one in 10 citizens will go abroad.Exposed to higher standards of service elsewhere, Israelis are returning home expecting the same.American firms have also begun arriving in large numbers.Chains such as KFC, McDonald’s and Pizza Hut are setting a new a standard of customer service, using strict employee training and constant monitoring to ensure the friendliness of frontline Israel.“Nobody wakes up in the morning and says, ‘Let’s be nicer,’” says Itsik Cohen, director of a consulting firm.“Nothing happens without competition.”■Privatization, or the threat of it, is a motivation as well.Monopolies(垄断者) that until recently have been free to take their customers for granted now fear what Michael Perry, a marketing professor, calls “the revengeful(报复的) consumer.” When the government opened up competition with Bezaq, the phone company, its international branch lost 40% of its market share, even while offering competitive rates.Says Perry, “People wanted revenge for all the years of bad service.” The electric company, whose monopoly may be short-lived, has suddenly mopped requiring users to wait half a day for a repairman.Now, appointments are scheduled to the half-hour.The graceless El AI Airlines, which is already at auction(拍卖), has retrained its employees to emphasize service and is boasting about the results in an ad campaign with the slogan, “You can feel the change in the air.” For the first time, praise outnumbers complaints on customer survey sheets.It may be inferred from the passage that ( ).
A.customer service in Israel is now improving
B.wealthy Israeli customers are hard to please
C.the tourist industry has brought chain stores to Israel
D.Israeli customers prefer foreign products to domestic ones
正确答案：A
2). Does contagious yawning mean you’re nice?■[A]You’re in a conversation with another person and he casually yawns. As you wonder whether he’s bored with the discussion, you find that you’re yawning, too. A man walking by, sees you yawn, and pretty soon he yawns. It’s carried on and on, passing from one person to another in a domino effect. Science is still investigating exactly what makes us yawn, but it’s a well-known and little-studied fact: Yawning is contagious.■[B]We know that much of yawning is due to suggestibility—it’s infectious. You don’t need to actually see a person yawn to involuntarily yawn yourself; hearing someone yawn or even reading about yawning can cause the same reaction. Chances are you’ll yawn at least once while reading this article. But contagious yawning goes beyond mere suggestibility. Recent studies show that the phenomenon is also related to our predisposition toward empathy—the ability to understand and connect with others’ emotional states. It sounds strange, but whether or not you’re susceptible to contagious yawning may actually be related to how much empathy you feel for others.■[C]Empathy is an important part of cognitive development. We learn from an early age to value ourselves based on the amount and type of empathy our parents display, and developmental psychologists have found that people who weren’t shown empathy by their parents struggle later on in life. A lack of early empathy has been shown to lead to the development of sociopathic behavior in adults. So empathy is important, sure, but how could it possibly be related to contagious yawning? Leave it up to psychologists at Leeds University in England to answer that. In their study, researchers selected 40 psychology students and 40 engineering students. Each student was made to wait individually in a waiting room, along with an undercover assistant who yawned 10 times in as many minutes. The students were then administered an emotional quotient test: Students were shown 40 images of eyes and asked what emotion each one displayed.■[D]The results of the test support the idea that contagious yawning is linked to empathy. The psychology students—whose future profession requires them to focus on others—yawned contagiously an average of 5.5 times in the waiting room and scored 28 out of 40 on the emotional test. The engineering students—who tend to focus on things like numbers and systems—yawned an average of 1.5 times and scored 25.5 out of 40 on the following test. The difference doesn’t sound like much, but researchers consider it significant. Strangely, women, who are generally considered more emotionally attuned, didn’t score any higher than men.■[E]These findings support what neurologists found through brain imaging: Contagious yawning is associated with the same parts of the brain that deal with empathy. These regions, the precuneus and posterior temporal gyms, are located in the back of the brain. And although the link between contagious yawning and empathy has been established, explanations for the link are still being investigated. Researchers are looking into the world of development disorders and at higher primates for answers to this riddle.■Primate Yawning, Autism and Contagious Yawning■[F]Yawning may serve a number of functions, and these functions might be different for different animals. Humans aren’t the only animals that yawn—even fish do. But only humans and chimpanzees, our closest relative in the animal kingdom, have shown definite contagious yawning. One study, conducted in Kyoto, Japan, observed six chimps in captivity. Chimps were shown videos of other chimps yawning, along with chimps that opened their mouths but did not yawn. Of the six, two chimps yawned contagiously a number of times. Even more interesting, like their human counterparts under age 5, the three chimp infants showed no susceptibility to contagious yawning. This may be related to the fact that empathy is taught and learned. If contagious yawning is the result of empathy, then contagious yawning wouldn’t exist until the ability to empathize was learned. But what if empathy is never developed? Another study, led by cognitive researcher Atsushi Senju, sought to answer that question.■[G]People with autism spectrum disorder are considered to be developmentally impaired emotionally. Autistics have trouble connecting with others and find it difficult to feel empathy. Since autistics have difficulty feeling empathy, then they shouldn’t be susceptible to contagious yawning. To find out, Senju and his colleagues placed 48 kids aged 7 to 15 in a room with a television. Twenty-four of the test subjects had been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, the other half were non-autistic kids. Like the Kyoto chimp study, the test subjects were shown short clips of people yawning as well as clips of people opening their mouths but not yawning. While the kids with autism had the same lack of reaction to both kinds of clips, the non-autistic kids yawned more after the clips of people yawning. But there could be another interpretation to Senju’s findings. Autistics tend to focus on the mouths of people with whom they interact. But contagious yawning is thought to be cued-not by movements in the mouth area—but by changes to the area around the yawning person’s eyes. This could explain why autistics are less susceptible to contagious yawning—perhaps they’re just missing the cues.■[H]However, that notion is undermined by another study. Conducted by researchers at Yale University, this study examined the reactions of autistic adults while they watched emotionally charged scenes from the movie, “Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?” Researchers found that those autistics who watched the eyes of the characters didn’t register any more emotional reaction than those who focused on the mouth. This indicates that contagious yawning amounts to more than just cues; the autistics who watched the eyes received little information from the cues they found there.■[I]It’s become pretty clear that contagious yawning is linked to empathy. But why?Perhaps the best explanation for why we yawn, as well as why yawning is contagious, can be found around the watering hole on the savannah tens of thousands of years ago. Some scientists believe that yawning is an involuntary response to a stressful situation: When we yawn, we increase the blood flow to the brain, thus making us more alert. Contagious yawning may be a method of quiet communication by which our ancestors spread the word that a hungry lion was nearby. Fear is an emotion with which we can empathize, and yawning may serve as a cue by which we spread that fear.Some scientists believe that yawning is just to make us more alert.
正确答案：I
3). How Exercise Makes You Smarter■A)Exercise does more than build muscles and helps prevent heart disease.New science shows that it also boosts brainpower and may offer hope in the battle against Alzheimer (痴呆症).■B)The stereotype of the “dumb jock” has never sounded right to Charles Hillman.A jock himself， he plays hockey four times a week， but when he isn′t body-checking his opponents on the ice， he， s giving his mind a comparable workout in his neuroscience and kinesiology lab at the University of Illinois.Recently he started wondering if there was a vital and overlooked link between brawn and brains —if long hours at the gym could somehow build up not just muscles， but minds.With colleagues， he started an experiment.He rounded up 259 Illinois third-and fifth-graders， measured their body mass index and put them through classic PE routines：the “sit-and-reach， ， ， a brisk run and timed push-ups and sit-ups.Then he checked their physical abilities against their math and reading scores on a statewide standardized test.Sure enough， on the whole， the kids with the fittest bodies were the ones with the fittest brains， even when factors such as socioeconomic status were taken into account.Sports， Hillman concluded， might indeed be boosting the students， intellect.■C)Hillman′s study， which will be published later this year， isn′t definitive enough to stand alone.But it doesn′t have to：it is part of a recent and rapidly growing movement in science showing that exercise can make people smarter.Other scientists have found that vigorous exercise can cause nerve cells to form dense， interconnected webs that make the brain run faster and more efficiently.And there are clues that physical activity can stay away from the beginnings of Alzheimer， s disease， ADHD and other cognitive disorders.No matter your age， it seems， a strong， active body is crucial for building a strong， active mind.■D)Some scientists have always suspected as much， although they have not been able to prove it.Now， however， armed with brain-scanning tools and a sophisticated understanding of biochemistry， researchers are realizing that the mental effects of exercise are far more profound and complex than they once thought.The process starts in the muscles.When the exercise is available， the muscle sends out chemicals， including a protein called IGF-1 that travels through the bloodstream， across the blood-brain barrier and into the brain itself.And then the brain issues orders to ramp up production of several chemicals， including one called brain-derived neurotrophic factor， or BDNF.It fuels almost all the activities that lead to higher thought.■E)With regular exercise， the body builds up its levels of BDNF， and the brain′s nerve cells start to branch out， join together and communicate with each other in new ways.This is the process that underlies learning：every change in the junctions between brain cells signifies a new fact or skill that′s been picked up for future use.BDNF makes that process possible.Brains with more of it have a greater capacity for knowledge.On the other hand， says UCLA neuroscientist Fernando Gomez-Piniella， a brain that′s low on BDNF shuts itself off to new information.■F)Most people maintain fairly constant levels of BDNF in adulthood.But as they age， their individual neurons (神经)slowly start to die off.Until the mid-90s， scientists thought the loss was permanent —that the brain couldn′t make new nerve cells to replace the dead ones.But animal studies over the last decade have overturned that assumption， showing that “neurogenesis” (神经发生)in some parts of the brain can be induced easily with exercise.Last week′s study， published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences， extended that principle to humans for the first time.After working out for three months， all the subjects appeared to regain new neurons.This， too， might be BDNF at work， transforming stem cells into full-grown， functional neurons.“It was extremely exciting to see this exercise effect in humans for the first time， ” says Scott Small， a Columbia University Medical Center neurologist who co-authored the study with Salk Institute neurobiologist Fred Gage.“In terms of trying to understand what it means， the field is just exploding.”■G)As far as scientists know， the new neurons created by exercise are produced in only one place：the dentate gyms， an area that controls learning and memory.This region helps the brain match names to faces —one of the first skills to erode as we age.New neurons can′t grow throughout the rest of the brain.But other regions benefit from exercise in many secondary ways.Blood volume， like brain volume， increases with exercise.Active adults have less inflammation in the brain.They also have fewer “little possibility of strokes that can impair cognition without the person even knowing， ′′ says Kristine Yaffe， a neuroscientist from University of California.Still other researchers have found that athletes have more cells that support neurons and increase neurotransmitters after they′re used to send messages from cell to cell.And even the levels of those neurotransmitters are higher in people who exercise frequently.■H)Unlike neurogenesis， which can take weeks to occur， most of these additional effects appear almost immediately.Get off the treadmill (踏车)after a half-hour workout， says Hillman， and “within 48 minutes” your brain will be in better shape.But alas， these benefits are somewhat transient (短暂的).Like weight， mental fitness has to be maintained.New neurons and the connections between them， will stick around for years， but within a month of inactivity， “they will shrink down， and then the neurons don′t function as well anymore”， says William Greenough， a psychologist at the University of Illinois.Let your body go， then， and your brain will follow.■I)To keep the effects， you′ve got to keep working out.“If you， re thinking that by exercising at age 20 you， re going to have some effect on what you′re like at age 70，” Greenough adds， you′d better be willing to commit to 50 years of hitting the gym.Unless， that is， you′re a kid.Most studies of exercise and cognition have focused on older people the folks who are just starting to worry that their minds aren′t what they used to be—but the effects of physical exertion on the brain aren′t limited to that group at all.In fact， exercise probably has “a more long-lasting effect on children′s brains that are still developing”， says Phil Tomporowski， a professor of exercise science at the University of Georgia.In kids， as in adults， the brain reaps many benefits from exercise.This won′t surprise parents of kids with ADHD， many of whom already use physical activity as a substitute or supplement for drugs.According to the animal studies， the “neurogenesis” in some parts of the brain be regained by doing activities.
正确答案：F
......
1). In recent years, Israeli consumers have grown more demanding as they’ve become wealthier and more worldly-wise.Foreign travel is a national passion; this summer alone, one in 10 citizens will go abroad.Exposed to higher standards of service elsewhere, Israelis are returning home expecting the same.American firms have also begun arriving in large numbers.Chains such as KFC, McDonald’s and Pizza Hut are setting a new a standard of customer service, using strict employee training and constant monitoring to ensure the friendliness of frontline Israel.“Nobody wakes up in the morning and says, ‘Let’s be nicer,’” says Itsik Cohen, director of a consulting firm.“Nothing happens without competition.”■Privatization, or the threat of it, is a motivation as well.Monopolies(垄断者) that until recently have been free to take their customers for granted now fear what Michael Perry, a marketing professor, calls “the revengeful(报复的) consumer.” When the government opened up competition with Bezaq, the phone company, its international branch lost 40% of its market share, even while offering competitive rates.Says Perry, “People wanted revenge for all the years of bad service.” The electric company, whose monopoly may be short-lived, has suddenly mopped requiring users to wait half a day for a repairman.Now, appointments are scheduled to the half-hour.The graceless El AI Airlines, which is already at auction(拍卖), has retrained its employees to emphasize service and is boasting about the results in an ad campaign with the slogan, “You can feel the change in the air.” For the first time, praise outnumbers complaints on customer survey sheets.It may be inferred from the passage that ( ).
A.customer service in Israel is now improving
B.wealthy Israeli customers are hard to please
C.the tourist industry has brought chain stores to Israel
D.Israeli customers prefer foreign products to domestic ones
正确答案：A
2). Does contagious yawning mean you’re nice?■[A]You’re in a conversation with another person and he casually yawns. As you wonder whether he’s bored with the discussion, you find that you’re yawning, too. A man walking by, sees you yawn, and pretty soon he yawns. It’s carried on and on, passing from one person to another in a domino effect. Science is still investigating exactly what makes us yawn, but it’s a well-known and little-studied fact: Yawning is contagious.■[B]We know that much of yawning is due to suggestibility—it’s infectious. You don’t need to actually see a person yawn to involuntarily yawn yourself; hearing someone yawn or even reading about yawning can cause the same reaction. Chances are you’ll yawn at least once while reading this article. But contagious yawning goes beyond mere suggestibility. Recent studies show that the phenomenon is also related to our predisposition toward empathy—the ability to understand and connect with others’ emotional states. It sounds strange, but whether or not you’re susceptible to contagious yawning may actually be related to how much empathy you feel for others.■[C]Empathy is an important part of cognitive development. We learn from an early age to value ourselves based on the amount and type of empathy our parents display, and developmental psychologists have found that people who weren’t shown empathy by their parents struggle later on in life. A lack of early empathy has been shown to lead to the development of sociopathic behavior in adults. So empathy is important, sure, but how could it possibly be related to contagious yawning? Leave it up to psychologists at Leeds University in England to answer that. In their study, researchers selected 40 psychology students and 40 engineering students. Each student was made to wait individually in a waiting room, along with an undercover assistant who yawned 10 times in as many minutes. The students were then administered an emotional quotient test: Students were shown 40 images of eyes and asked what emotion each one displayed.■[D]The results of the test support the idea that contagious yawning is linked to empathy. The psychology students—whose future profession requires them to focus on others—yawned contagiously an average of 5.5 times in the waiting room and scored 28 out of 40 on the emotional test. The engineering students—who tend to focus on things like numbers and systems—yawned an average of 1.5 times and scored 25.5 out of 40 on the following test. The difference doesn’t sound like much, but researchers consider it significant. Strangely, women, who are generally considered more emotionally attuned, didn’t score any higher than men.■[E]These findings support what neurologists found through brain imaging: Contagious yawning is associated with the same parts of the brain that deal with empathy. These regions, the precuneus and posterior temporal gyms, are located in the back of the brain. And although the link between contagious yawning and empathy has been established, explanations for the link are still being investigated. Researchers are looking into the world of development disorders and at higher primates for answers to this riddle.■Primate Yawning, Autism and Contagious Yawning■[F]Yawning may serve a number of functions, and these functions might be different for different animals. Humans aren’t the only animals that yawn—even fish do. But only humans and chimpanzees, our closest relative in the animal kingdom, have shown definite contagious yawning. One study, conducted in Kyoto, Japan, observed six chimps in captivity. Chimps were shown videos of other chimps yawning, along with chimps that opened their mouths but did not yawn. Of the six, two chimps yawned contagiously a number of times. Even more interesting, like their human counterparts under age 5, the three chimp infants showed no susceptibility to contagious yawning. This may be related to the fact that empathy is taught and learned. If contagious yawning is the result of empathy, then contagious yawning wouldn’t exist until the ability to empathize was learned. But what if empathy is never developed? Another study, led by cognitive researcher Atsushi Senju, sought to answer that question.■[G]People with autism spectrum disorder are considered to be developmentally impaired emotionally. Autistics have trouble connecting with others and find it difficult to feel empathy. Since autistics have difficulty feeling empathy, then they shouldn’t be susceptible to contagious yawning. To find out, Senju and his colleagues placed 48 kids aged 7 to 15 in a room with a television. Twenty-four of the test subjects had been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, the other half were non-autistic kids. Like the Kyoto chimp study, the test subjects were shown short clips of people yawning as well as clips of people opening their mouths but not yawning. While the kids with autism had the same lack of reaction to both kinds of clips, the non-autistic kids yawned more after the clips of people yawning. But there could be another interpretation to Senju’s findings. Autistics tend to focus on the mouths of people with whom they interact. But contagious yawning is thought to be cued-not by movements in the mouth area—but by changes to the area around the yawning person’s eyes. This could explain why autistics are less susceptible to contagious yawning—perhaps they’re just missing the cues.■[H]However, that notion is undermined by another study. Conducted by researchers at Yale University, this study examined the reactions of autistic adults while they watched emotionally charged scenes from the movie, “Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?” Researchers found that those autistics who watched the eyes of the characters didn’t register any more emotional reaction than those who focused on the mouth. This indicates that contagious yawning amounts to more than just cues; the autistics who watched the eyes received little information from the cues they found there.■[I]It’s become pretty clear that contagious yawning is linked to empathy. But why?Perhaps the best explanation for why we yawn, as well as why yawning is contagious, can be found around the watering hole on the savannah tens of thousands of years ago. Some scientists believe that yawning is an involuntary response to a stressful situation: When we yawn, we increase the blood flow to the brain, thus making us more alert. Contagious yawning may be a method of quiet communication by which our ancestors spread the word that a hungry lion was nearby. Fear is an emotion with which we can empathize, and yawning may serve as a cue by which we spread that fear.Some scientists believe that yawning is just to make us more alert.
正确答案：I
3). How Exercise Makes You Smarter■A)Exercise does more than build muscles and helps prevent heart disease.New science shows that it also boosts brainpower and may offer hope in the battle against Alzheimer (痴呆症).■B)The stereotype of the “dumb jock” has never sounded right to Charles Hillman.A jock himself， he plays hockey four times a week， but when he isn′t body-checking his opponents on the ice， he， s giving his mind a comparable workout in his neuroscience and kinesiology lab at the University of Illinois.Recently he started wondering if there was a vital and overlooked link between brawn and brains —if long hours at the gym could somehow build up not just muscles， but minds.With colleagues， he started an experiment.He rounded up 259 Illinois third-and fifth-graders， measured their body mass index and put them through classic PE routines：the “sit-and-reach， ， ， a brisk run and timed push-ups and sit-ups.Then he checked their physical abilities against their math and reading scores on a statewide standardized test.Sure enough， on the whole， the kids with the fittest bodies were the ones with the fittest brains， even when factors such as socioeconomic status were taken into account.Sports， Hillman concluded， might indeed be boosting the students， intellect.■C)Hillman′s study， which will be published later this year， isn′t definitive enough to stand alone.But it doesn′t have to：it is part of a recent and rapidly growing movement in science showing that exercise can make people smarter.Other scientists have found that vigorous exercise can cause nerve cells to form dense， interconnected webs that make the brain run faster and more efficiently.And there are clues that physical activity can stay away from the beginnings of Alzheimer， s disease， ADHD and other cognitive disorders.No matter your age， it seems， a strong， active body is crucial for building a strong， active mind.■D)Some scientists have always suspected as much， although they have not been able to prove it.Now， however， armed with brain-scanning tools and a sophisticated understanding of biochemistry， researchers are realizing that the mental effects of exercise are far more profound and complex than they once thought.The process starts in the muscles.When the exercise is available， the muscle sends out chemicals， including a protein called IGF-1 that travels through the bloodstream， across the blood-brain barrier and into the brain itself.And then the brain issues orders to ramp up production of several chemicals， including one called brain-derived neurotrophic factor， or BDNF.It fuels almost all the activities that lead to higher thought.■E)With regular exercise， the body builds up its levels of BDNF， and the brain′s nerve cells start to branch out， join together and communicate with each other in new ways.This is the process that underlies learning：every change in the junctions between brain cells signifies a new fact or skill that′s been picked up for future use.BDNF makes that process possible.Brains with more of it have a greater capacity for knowledge.On the other hand， says UCLA neuroscientist Fernando Gomez-Piniella， a brain that′s low on BDNF shuts itself off to new information.■F)Most people maintain fairly constant levels of BDNF in adulthood.But as they age， their individual neurons (神经)slowly start to die off.Until the mid-90s， scientists thought the loss was permanent —that the brain couldn′t make new nerve cells to replace the dead ones.But animal studies over the last decade have overturned that assumption， showing that “neurogenesis” (神经发生)in some parts of the brain can be induced easily with exercise.Last week′s study， published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences， extended that principle to humans for the first time.After working out for three months， all the subjects appeared to regain new neurons.This， too， might be BDNF at work， transforming stem cells into full-grown， functional neurons.“It was extremely exciting to see this exercise effect in humans for the first time， ” says Scott Small， a Columbia University Medical Center neurologist who co-authored the study with Salk Institute neurobiologist Fred Gage.“In terms of trying to understand what it means， the field is just exploding.”■G)As far as scientists know， the new neurons created by exercise are produced in only one place：the dentate gyms， an area that controls learning and memory.This region helps the brain match names to faces —one of the first skills to erode as we age.New neurons can′t grow throughout the rest of the brain.But other regions benefit from exercise in many secondary ways.Blood volume， like brain volume， increases with exercise.Active adults have less inflammation in the brain.They also have fewer “little possibility of strokes that can impair cognition without the person even knowing， ′′ says Kristine Yaffe， a neuroscientist from University of California.Still other researchers have found that athletes have more cells that support neurons and increase neurotransmitters after they′re used to send messages from cell to cell.And even the levels of those neurotransmitters are higher in people who exercise frequently.■H)Unlike neurogenesis， which can take weeks to occur， most of these additional effects appear almost immediately.Get off the treadmill (踏车)after a half-hour workout， says Hillman， and “within 48 minutes” your brain will be in better shape.But alas， these benefits are somewhat transient (短暂的).Like weight， mental fitness has to be maintained.New neurons and the connections between them， will stick around for years， but within a month of inactivity， “they will shrink down， and then the neurons don′t function as well anymore”， says William Greenough， a psychologist at the University of Illinois.Let your body go， then， and your brain will follow.■I)To keep the effects， you′ve got to keep working out.“If you， re thinking that by exercising at age 20 you， re going to have some effect on what you′re like at age 70，” Greenough adds， you′d better be willing to commit to 50 years of hitting the gym.Unless， that is， you′re a kid.Most studies of exercise and cognition have focused on older people the folks who are just starting to worry that their minds aren′t what they used to be—but the effects of physical exertion on the brain aren′t limited to that group at all.In fact， exercise probably has “a more long-lasting effect on children′s brains that are still developing”， says Phil Tomporowski， a professor of exercise science at the University of Georgia.In kids， as in adults， the brain reaps many benefits from exercise.This won′t surprise parents of kids with ADHD， many of whom already use physical activity as a substitute or supplement for drugs.According to the animal studies， the “neurogenesis” in some parts of the brain be regained by doing activities.
正确答案：F
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