2025年全国大学英语四级考试（CET-4）仿真试题及答案二
2025/7/1
来源：易考吧
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2025年全国大学英语四级考试（CET-4）仿真试题及答案二,更多英语四六级考试相关资讯请继续查看易考吧
1). [A]The Australian state of Victoria is investing in a program to identify new opportunities for its food and agriculture industries. As part of this initiative the government conducted extensive research to identify which attributes of a food product are most important to consumers. As income levels rise and education levels improve， consumers around the world are becoming interested in more than just the price and quality of the food they eat. Indeed， some consumers are now willing to pay extra money for food with a special nutritional or health benefit. In addition， some consumers are also choosing food based on how it was produced， including the environmental and ethical impact of production. Victoria′s Department of Primary Industries designed and researched a report that analyzes preferences for food products with “trust” attributes， specifically food safety， clean food， green food， animal welfare and ethical food production. The report also determines the relative importance of the five nominated “trust” attributes and evaluates their importance in relation to non-trust attributes， such as price and quality.■[B]“Consumers are becoming increasingly insightful when making purchasing decisions， and Victoria′s ability to demonstrate the trustworthiness of food products will be vital to maintain consumer confidence in priority export markets，” the report says. Between February and June 2004， the DPI interviewed 280 food industry shareholders， including retailers， wholesalers， foodservice managers， importers， distributors， and representatives of government， industry bodies and non-government organizations， in 21 of Victoria′s major food markets， including France， Japan， the UK and the US. The research found， perhaps unsurprisingly， that price， quality and food safety were the most important factors for consumers， with each factor ranked as the most important by 18-22% of respondents(回答者). In fourth place， 8% of respondents felt taste flavor was the most important attribute of a food product for consumers， while 6% thought freshness was most important， and 3% thought the appearance packaging was most important. Health nutrition， brand image， and clean chemical free were each considered most important by just 1-2% of interviewees.■Food safety tops the list■[C]Of the five specified “trust” factors—food safety， clean food， green food， animal welfare and ethical food production—food safety was ranked as being of high or very high importance to their organization by 95% of respondents. It is not just consumers that food safety is important to， as one Japanese wholesaler observed “It has taken a long time to build our reputation for reliability with our customers and just one accident would cause us to lose everything， especially if consumers are harmed.” Clean food was ranked second in importance among the specified trust factors， with 90% of respondents rating clean food as being of high or very high importance to their organization. However， just 63% of respondents said clean food was of high or very high importance to consumers. The survey also found that there was regional variation in the definition of clean food—some respondents thought it should include Halal production methods， while others thought clean food should also be free of genetically modified organisms (GMOs).■[D]Ethics was ranked fairly high in importance to organizations， but was considered less important to consumers. While 82% of respondents rated ethics as being of high or very high importance to their organization， just 31% considered ethics to be of high or very high importance to consumers. Another finding was that ethics included many of the other trust factors， as a German government representative pointed out， “This issue covers a little of everything. It depends on the producer and on the way people， animals and the environment are treated. It depends on personal values.”■Paying an extra cost for ethical foods■[E]The researchers found that the importance of ethics varied according to what aspect was mentioned. The proving of claims made on product labels was considered to be of higher importance than issues such as workers′ rights， corporate responsibility and local sourcing， because it is an issue that has impact on the consumer directly. Green food was ranked relatively low in importance， with just 50% of respondents rating it as being of high or very high importance to their organization， and just 19% rating it as being of high or very high importance to consumers.■[F]Many respondents cited low consumer awareness and lack of consumer interest， and some said they believed consumers were unwilling to pay a higher price for green food products， reflecting the overall finding that higher importance is attached to factors that has impact directly on consumers. “Consumers claim to want the choice， but the category has been disappointing， leading to oversupply and price pressures for high cost producers. Price always seems to focus the Dutch minds，” said one global retailer based in the Netherlands. There was also some variation in opinions about what exactly constitutes green food， with several respondents seeing it as synonymous with organic production. Of issues associated with green food， organic production was seen as the most important to consumers， while impact on the environment， ecosystem health， bio-diversity and environmental management practices were rated relatively low in importance.■Gap between theory and practice■[G]Animal welfare was another low-rated trust factor， with 43% of respondents rating it as being of high or very high importance to organizations， and just 15% considering it to be of high or very high importance to consumers. Again， respondents pointed to low consumer awareness， lack of consumer interest and an unwillingness to pay an extra cost for “animal friendly” products. Many respondents also said there was a gap between what consumers say and what they do when it comes to purchasing behavior related to animal welfare issues.■[H]“This is a complex issue—it is of low importance to consumers in terms of translation into action， but high in terms of a discussion topic. A gap exists between theory and practice，” said a representative of a non-government organization in India. However， the importance of animal welfare could be raised if there was a direct impact that can be seen on the consumer， for example where handling or feeding administrations affect product quality or food safety， as an airline catering supplier in Singapore illustrated “Animal welfare is important only in that it contributes to the quality of the product. The way the animal is treated and fed is crucial to the quality of the end product.”■New approaches■[I]Overall， respondents identified that consumers are more concerned about factors that affect them directly， such as food safety. Although consumers are considered to be generally less concerned about issues such as animal welfare and environmental management practices， these issues are not insignificant as they assume much greater importance when they have the potential to affect food quality or when public concern is heightened by specific interest groups or media reports. According to Bob Cameron， Victoria′s minister for agriculture， the government′s aim in carrying out such research was to develop new approaches to improve Victoria′s access to international markets. It will be interesting to see how this information is used， and how it influences future product development.Animal welfare was a low-rated trust factor partly because consumers were reluctant to pay extra money for “animal friendly” products.
正确答案：G
2). Is there enough oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) (保护区) to help secure America’s energy future? President Bush certainly thinks so.He has argued that tapping ANWR’s oil would help ease California’s electricity crisis and provide a major boost to the country’s energy independence.But no one knows for sure how much crude oil lies buried beneath the frozen earth, with the last government survey, conducted in 1998, projecting output anywhere from 3 billion to 16 billion barrels.■The oil industry goes with the high end of the range, which could equal as much as 10% of U.S.consumption for as long as six years.By pumping more than l million barrels a day from the reserve for the next two to three decades, lobbyists claim, the nation could cut back on imports equivalent to all shipments to the U.S.from Saudi Arabia.Sounds good.An oil boom would also mean a multibillion-dollar windfall(意外之财) in tax revenues, royalties(开采权使用费) and leasing fees for Alaska and the Federal Government.Best of all, advocates of drilling say, damage to the environment would be insignificant.“We’ve never had a documented case of an oil rig chasing deer out onto the pack ice,” say Alaska State Representative Scott Ogan.■Not so fast, say environmentalists.Sticking to the low end of government estimates the National Resources Defends Council says there may be no more than 3.2 billion barrels of economically recoverable oil in the coastal plain of ANWR, a drop in the bucket that would do virtually nothing to ease America’s energy problems.And consumers would wait up to a decade to gain any benefits, because drilling could begin only after much bargaining over leases, environmental permits and regulatory review.As for ANWR’ s impact on the California power crisis, environmentalists point out that oil is responsible for only 1% of the Golden State’s electricity output—and just 3% of the nation’s.What do the environmentalists mean by saying “Not so fast” (Line1.Para.3)?( )
A.Don’t be too optimistic
B.Don’t expect fast returns
C.The oil drilling should be delayed
D.Oil exploitation takes a long time
正确答案：A
3). Of the millions of inventions, what are the eight greatest?■[A]I’ve drawn up a list. And there’s one thing I know about this list: You won’t agree with it. Some of you will write to tell me I forgot the gun, the airplane, or whatever. Which is fine: A top-eight list is all about starting a good argument. But to draw up such a list, you have to set some guidelines and here are mine: I’m starting at the year zero. Otherwise, we’d never get out of prehistory. And I’m limiting inventions to physical devices. The scientific method, the university and electricity don’t count—they are, respectively, a concept, a social system, and something we discovered but which existed all along. This is a list of end products. That is, I’m excluding components with no independent function. Take the gear, for example. A groundbreaking bit of technology to be sure. Without it, we’d scarcely have any machines at all. But we never say, “Oh, damn, I’m out of gears!” Ditto microchips, transistors, and ball bearings. Here, then, in no particular order, are my nominees as the eight greatest inventions.■1. The Mechanical Clock■[B]Before this invention, time was inseparable from events, the main one being the sun crossing the sky. Only local time existed, no universal river of time. If you agreed to meet someone at sunset, you had to say where, because the sun is always setting somewhere. Then, mechanical clocks came around. Gradually, as these clocks all came to be coordinated, they created public time, a thing in itself: one single, universal current flowing everywhere throughout the universe, always at the same pace. People could now communicate with each other by coordinating to this universal frame of reference. Thus, clocks made factories, offices, schools, meetings, and appointments possible.■2. The Printing Press■[C]Unoriginal, I know, but still it’s true. Gutenberg’s press, with its movable type, launched publishing. In the short term, this made the Reformation possible by putting a Bible in the hands of anybody who wanted one. The Church lost its lock on truth, and the sovereign individual soon emerged as the key unit of Western society. In the longer term, publishing universalized literacy. Before this invention, so few could read that, effectively, even those few lived in a world of oral tradition and memory. Humanity’s consensual picture of reality was shaped by stories, told and retold. In this fluid world, if the big picture shifted, no one knew, because they had nothing to check it against. The proliferation of text fixed objective reality. Now, when two people disagree about what happened yesterday, they can look it up. Our modern collective picture of reality is founded on facts archived as text.■3. Immunization and Antibiotics■[D]Three centuries ago, almost everyone died of infectious diseases. When the plague broke out in 1347, it killed nearly half of Europe—in about two years. When diseases such as smallpox reached North America, they reduced the indigenous population by about 90 percent within a century. As late as 1800, the leading cause of death in the West was tuberculosis. Hardly anyone died of old age back then, one reason why elders were revered. Today, elders are a dime a dozen: nothing unusual about surviving past 70. In the United States, 73 percent of people die of heart failure, cancer, and stroke. It’s a different world, folks.■4. The Telephone■[E]Lets of people imagined the telephone before any telephone existed. Once the device was invented and businessmen had wrested it away from the inventors, the Network began to form. That’s the actual invention—the Network. It enables anyone to talk to anyone anywhere at any given moment. So today, anyone’s real-time group includes people not physically present, and they could be anywhere. The infrastructure took some time to develop, but the telephone implied all this from the start.■5. The Electrical Grid■[F]Electricity existed all along, but the system of devices needed to generate this force and distribute it to individual buildings was an invention, launched initially by Edison: He effectively turned electricity into a salable commodity and his Pearl Street station was the world’s first electric power station. Nikola Tesla’s invention of alternating current (AC) technology then made it possible to transmit electricity over long distances, leading to the nationwide grid we know today. Now, anyone in the West and throughout most of the world can tap into the grid to power everything from light bulbs to computers. We are, in fact, a social organism animated by electricity.■6. The Automobile■[G]Once cars were invented, roads were improved. Once roads were improved, cities sprouted suburbs, because people could now live in the country, yet work in the city. And thus we have become a nation of sprawl, rather than density. Furthermore, as cars grew popular, the oil industry boomed. Oil became a key to power and wealth—and one of the major factors for political and economic unrest in the Middle East. And here we are today.■7. The Television■[H]Wherever a television set is on, it absorbs attention like no other piece of furniture. Jane Healy, in her book Endangered Minds, says television has changed the human brain itself. Our neural networks are not hardwired at birth but continue to develop for several years, new circuits forming in response to our first interactions with the environment. In much of the developed world, young children interact largely with television, so their neural networks can accommodate its warm, one-way, pacifying, activity-dampening stimulus.■8. The Computer■[I]My deepest, richest, most diverse, and rewarding relationship is with my computer. It plays games with me, tells me jokes, plays music to me, and does my taxes. I have great conversations with it, too. These conversations appear as e-mail and take on the personalities of supposed “friends”, but the human embodiments of those “friends” are rarely with me. My concrete relationship is with this object on my desk for in my lap.The author thinks the electricity is something existed all along that can’t be described as an invention.
正确答案：A
......
1). [A]The Australian state of Victoria is investing in a program to identify new opportunities for its food and agriculture industries. As part of this initiative the government conducted extensive research to identify which attributes of a food product are most important to consumers. As income levels rise and education levels improve， consumers around the world are becoming interested in more than just the price and quality of the food they eat. Indeed， some consumers are now willing to pay extra money for food with a special nutritional or health benefit. In addition， some consumers are also choosing food based on how it was produced， including the environmental and ethical impact of production. Victoria′s Department of Primary Industries designed and researched a report that analyzes preferences for food products with “trust” attributes， specifically food safety， clean food， green food， animal welfare and ethical food production. The report also determines the relative importance of the five nominated “trust” attributes and evaluates their importance in relation to non-trust attributes， such as price and quality.■[B]“Consumers are becoming increasingly insightful when making purchasing decisions， and Victoria′s ability to demonstrate the trustworthiness of food products will be vital to maintain consumer confidence in priority export markets，” the report says. Between February and June 2004， the DPI interviewed 280 food industry shareholders， including retailers， wholesalers， foodservice managers， importers， distributors， and representatives of government， industry bodies and non-government organizations， in 21 of Victoria′s major food markets， including France， Japan， the UK and the US. The research found， perhaps unsurprisingly， that price， quality and food safety were the most important factors for consumers， with each factor ranked as the most important by 18-22% of respondents(回答者). In fourth place， 8% of respondents felt taste flavor was the most important attribute of a food product for consumers， while 6% thought freshness was most important， and 3% thought the appearance packaging was most important. Health nutrition， brand image， and clean chemical free were each considered most important by just 1-2% of interviewees.■Food safety tops the list■[C]Of the five specified “trust” factors—food safety， clean food， green food， animal welfare and ethical food production—food safety was ranked as being of high or very high importance to their organization by 95% of respondents. It is not just consumers that food safety is important to， as one Japanese wholesaler observed “It has taken a long time to build our reputation for reliability with our customers and just one accident would cause us to lose everything， especially if consumers are harmed.” Clean food was ranked second in importance among the specified trust factors， with 90% of respondents rating clean food as being of high or very high importance to their organization. However， just 63% of respondents said clean food was of high or very high importance to consumers. The survey also found that there was regional variation in the definition of clean food—some respondents thought it should include Halal production methods， while others thought clean food should also be free of genetically modified organisms (GMOs).■[D]Ethics was ranked fairly high in importance to organizations， but was considered less important to consumers. While 82% of respondents rated ethics as being of high or very high importance to their organization， just 31% considered ethics to be of high or very high importance to consumers. Another finding was that ethics included many of the other trust factors， as a German government representative pointed out， “This issue covers a little of everything. It depends on the producer and on the way people， animals and the environment are treated. It depends on personal values.”■Paying an extra cost for ethical foods■[E]The researchers found that the importance of ethics varied according to what aspect was mentioned. The proving of claims made on product labels was considered to be of higher importance than issues such as workers′ rights， corporate responsibility and local sourcing， because it is an issue that has impact on the consumer directly. Green food was ranked relatively low in importance， with just 50% of respondents rating it as being of high or very high importance to their organization， and just 19% rating it as being of high or very high importance to consumers.■[F]Many respondents cited low consumer awareness and lack of consumer interest， and some said they believed consumers were unwilling to pay a higher price for green food products， reflecting the overall finding that higher importance is attached to factors that has impact directly on consumers. “Consumers claim to want the choice， but the category has been disappointing， leading to oversupply and price pressures for high cost producers. Price always seems to focus the Dutch minds，” said one global retailer based in the Netherlands. There was also some variation in opinions about what exactly constitutes green food， with several respondents seeing it as synonymous with organic production. Of issues associated with green food， organic production was seen as the most important to consumers， while impact on the environment， ecosystem health， bio-diversity and environmental management practices were rated relatively low in importance.■Gap between theory and practice■[G]Animal welfare was another low-rated trust factor， with 43% of respondents rating it as being of high or very high importance to organizations， and just 15% considering it to be of high or very high importance to consumers. Again， respondents pointed to low consumer awareness， lack of consumer interest and an unwillingness to pay an extra cost for “animal friendly” products. Many respondents also said there was a gap between what consumers say and what they do when it comes to purchasing behavior related to animal welfare issues.■[H]“This is a complex issue—it is of low importance to consumers in terms of translation into action， but high in terms of a discussion topic. A gap exists between theory and practice，” said a representative of a non-government organization in India. However， the importance of animal welfare could be raised if there was a direct impact that can be seen on the consumer， for example where handling or feeding administrations affect product quality or food safety， as an airline catering supplier in Singapore illustrated “Animal welfare is important only in that it contributes to the quality of the product. The way the animal is treated and fed is crucial to the quality of the end product.”■New approaches■[I]Overall， respondents identified that consumers are more concerned about factors that affect them directly， such as food safety. Although consumers are considered to be generally less concerned about issues such as animal welfare and environmental management practices， these issues are not insignificant as they assume much greater importance when they have the potential to affect food quality or when public concern is heightened by specific interest groups or media reports. According to Bob Cameron， Victoria′s minister for agriculture， the government′s aim in carrying out such research was to develop new approaches to improve Victoria′s access to international markets. It will be interesting to see how this information is used， and how it influences future product development.Animal welfare was a low-rated trust factor partly because consumers were reluctant to pay extra money for “animal friendly” products.
正确答案：G
2). Is there enough oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) (保护区) to help secure America’s energy future? President Bush certainly thinks so.He has argued that tapping ANWR’s oil would help ease California’s electricity crisis and provide a major boost to the country’s energy independence.But no one knows for sure how much crude oil lies buried beneath the frozen earth, with the last government survey, conducted in 1998, projecting output anywhere from 3 billion to 16 billion barrels.■The oil industry goes with the high end of the range, which could equal as much as 10% of U.S.consumption for as long as six years.By pumping more than l million barrels a day from the reserve for the next two to three decades, lobbyists claim, the nation could cut back on imports equivalent to all shipments to the U.S.from Saudi Arabia.Sounds good.An oil boom would also mean a multibillion-dollar windfall(意外之财) in tax revenues, royalties(开采权使用费) and leasing fees for Alaska and the Federal Government.Best of all, advocates of drilling say, damage to the environment would be insignificant.“We’ve never had a documented case of an oil rig chasing deer out onto the pack ice,” say Alaska State Representative Scott Ogan.■Not so fast, say environmentalists.Sticking to the low end of government estimates the National Resources Defends Council says there may be no more than 3.2 billion barrels of economically recoverable oil in the coastal plain of ANWR, a drop in the bucket that would do virtually nothing to ease America’s energy problems.And consumers would wait up to a decade to gain any benefits, because drilling could begin only after much bargaining over leases, environmental permits and regulatory review.As for ANWR’ s impact on the California power crisis, environmentalists point out that oil is responsible for only 1% of the Golden State’s electricity output—and just 3% of the nation’s.What do the environmentalists mean by saying “Not so fast” (Line1.Para.3)?( )
A.Don’t be too optimistic
B.Don’t expect fast returns
C.The oil drilling should be delayed
D.Oil exploitation takes a long time
正确答案：A
3). Of the millions of inventions, what are the eight greatest?■[A]I’ve drawn up a list. And there’s one thing I know about this list: You won’t agree with it. Some of you will write to tell me I forgot the gun, the airplane, or whatever. Which is fine: A top-eight list is all about starting a good argument. But to draw up such a list, you have to set some guidelines and here are mine: I’m starting at the year zero. Otherwise, we’d never get out of prehistory. And I’m limiting inventions to physical devices. The scientific method, the university and electricity don’t count—they are, respectively, a concept, a social system, and something we discovered but which existed all along. This is a list of end products. That is, I’m excluding components with no independent function. Take the gear, for example. A groundbreaking bit of technology to be sure. Without it, we’d scarcely have any machines at all. But we never say, “Oh, damn, I’m out of gears!” Ditto microchips, transistors, and ball bearings. Here, then, in no particular order, are my nominees as the eight greatest inventions.■1. The Mechanical Clock■[B]Before this invention, time was inseparable from events, the main one being the sun crossing the sky. Only local time existed, no universal river of time. If you agreed to meet someone at sunset, you had to say where, because the sun is always setting somewhere. Then, mechanical clocks came around. Gradually, as these clocks all came to be coordinated, they created public time, a thing in itself: one single, universal current flowing everywhere throughout the universe, always at the same pace. People could now communicate with each other by coordinating to this universal frame of reference. Thus, clocks made factories, offices, schools, meetings, and appointments possible.■2. The Printing Press■[C]Unoriginal, I know, but still it’s true. Gutenberg’s press, with its movable type, launched publishing. In the short term, this made the Reformation possible by putting a Bible in the hands of anybody who wanted one. The Church lost its lock on truth, and the sovereign individual soon emerged as the key unit of Western society. In the longer term, publishing universalized literacy. Before this invention, so few could read that, effectively, even those few lived in a world of oral tradition and memory. Humanity’s consensual picture of reality was shaped by stories, told and retold. In this fluid world, if the big picture shifted, no one knew, because they had nothing to check it against. The proliferation of text fixed objective reality. Now, when two people disagree about what happened yesterday, they can look it up. Our modern collective picture of reality is founded on facts archived as text.■3. Immunization and Antibiotics■[D]Three centuries ago, almost everyone died of infectious diseases. When the plague broke out in 1347, it killed nearly half of Europe—in about two years. When diseases such as smallpox reached North America, they reduced the indigenous population by about 90 percent within a century. As late as 1800, the leading cause of death in the West was tuberculosis. Hardly anyone died of old age back then, one reason why elders were revered. Today, elders are a dime a dozen: nothing unusual about surviving past 70. In the United States, 73 percent of people die of heart failure, cancer, and stroke. It’s a different world, folks.■4. The Telephone■[E]Lets of people imagined the telephone before any telephone existed. Once the device was invented and businessmen had wrested it away from the inventors, the Network began to form. That’s the actual invention—the Network. It enables anyone to talk to anyone anywhere at any given moment. So today, anyone’s real-time group includes people not physically present, and they could be anywhere. The infrastructure took some time to develop, but the telephone implied all this from the start.■5. The Electrical Grid■[F]Electricity existed all along, but the system of devices needed to generate this force and distribute it to individual buildings was an invention, launched initially by Edison: He effectively turned electricity into a salable commodity and his Pearl Street station was the world’s first electric power station. Nikola Tesla’s invention of alternating current (AC) technology then made it possible to transmit electricity over long distances, leading to the nationwide grid we know today. Now, anyone in the West and throughout most of the world can tap into the grid to power everything from light bulbs to computers. We are, in fact, a social organism animated by electricity.■6. The Automobile■[G]Once cars were invented, roads were improved. Once roads were improved, cities sprouted suburbs, because people could now live in the country, yet work in the city. And thus we have become a nation of sprawl, rather than density. Furthermore, as cars grew popular, the oil industry boomed. Oil became a key to power and wealth—and one of the major factors for political and economic unrest in the Middle East. And here we are today.■7. The Television■[H]Wherever a television set is on, it absorbs attention like no other piece of furniture. Jane Healy, in her book Endangered Minds, says television has changed the human brain itself. Our neural networks are not hardwired at birth but continue to develop for several years, new circuits forming in response to our first interactions with the environment. In much of the developed world, young children interact largely with television, so their neural networks can accommodate its warm, one-way, pacifying, activity-dampening stimulus.■8. The Computer■[I]My deepest, richest, most diverse, and rewarding relationship is with my computer. It plays games with me, tells me jokes, plays music to me, and does my taxes. I have great conversations with it, too. These conversations appear as e-mail and take on the personalities of supposed “friends”, but the human embodiments of those “friends” are rarely with me. My concrete relationship is with this object on my desk for in my lap.The author thinks the electricity is something existed all along that can’t be described as an invention.
正确答案：A
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