2025年全国英语等级考试（PETS）五级经典试题及答案二
2024/11/3
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2025年全国英语等级考试（PETS）五级经典试题及答案二,更多相关资讯请继续查看易考吧全国外语水平考试内容
1). A mystery over what caused the brightest supernova ever observed finally appears to have been solved.Two astronomers in the Netherlands say the explosion was the result of a cosmic pile-up： dozens of massive stars crashing into each other，producing a monstrous heavyweight star that eventually exploded，leaving a giant black hole in its wake.■Supernova 2006gy burst into view in September 2006 in a distant galaxy，240 million light years away.The blast was 100 times more powerful than a normal supernova，suggesting the exploding star weighed in at more than a hundred times the mass of the Sun.■But astronomers found a puzzling detail in their observations： the supernova debris contained large amounts of hydrogen，which they would not have expected for such a massive star： It should have shed its outer hydrogen layers at an earlier stage.■Although several possible explanations have been put forward to explain the massive blast-including the formation of a quark star and the production of huge quantities of antimatter-no single theory could easily explain all of the observations.■Now，in the journal Nature，Simon Portegies Zwart and Edward van den Heuvel of the University of Amsterdam say 2006gy may have been the result of a multiple-star collision in a dense stellar cluster.■They say dozens of stars-some of them hydrogen-rich-collided to form a giant weighing in at over 100 Suns.Unable to support its own weight，the colossus blew itself to smithereens in an explosion that outshone its home galaxy.■Computer simulations reveal that multiple collisions are quite likely in very dense star clusters.Our own galaxy，the Milky Way，contains two such superdense clusters (the Arches cluster and the Quintuplet cluster)，close to its centre.Indeed，supernova 2006gy also occurred close to the core of its host galaxy.■If Portegies Zwart and van den Heuvel are right，the dense cluster of stars should become visible once the supernova has faded sufficiently.This should happen a few years from now，they say.■There may be another explanation for the brightness of the supernova，however.In the same issue of Nature，Stan Woosley of the University of California at Santa Cruz and his colleagues show how multiple explosions in a single，very massive star could account for 2006gy’s behaviour.■In this model，every explosion produces an expanding shell of material.When new ejecta catches up and collides with an older shell，so much energy is released that the result will look like an over-luminous supernova.■“One could，I suppose，make our massive star by merging smaller ones，” Woosley said，“but that was not part of our model and does not seem necessary.”■According to Woosley’s calculations，the star may not yet have collapsed into a black hole.A new explosion might happen in about 10 years or so，he says.What phenomenon cannot the astronomers find a satisfactory explanation for？( )
A.The explosion of the supernova has produced very much antimatter
B.The supernova debris contained much hydrogen
C.The supernova resulted in a quark star
D.The supernova destroyed its hydrogen layers at an earlier stage
正确答案：B
2). To capture London in freeze-frame at the turn of the 19th century，Jonathan Schneer develops a single over-arching theme.In a work of persuasive scholarship，written with verve and insight，he analyses the tremendous impact that Britain’s imperial adventure-then at its height-made on nearly every aspect of London’s life.■Few Londoners were unaffected by the country’s self-appointed mission to take Western civilisation to the “【benighted】” peoples of Africa and the East，and to extract much of their natural wealth in return for the favour.The policies that drove imperialism were made by statesmen，aristocrats and capitalists who met regularly around the dinner tables of a few influential and manipulative hostesses.Businessmen and financiers were quick to take advantage of the opportunities open to them，and used some of the profits to protect their interests by sending a volunteer force from the financial district to help fight the Boers.■At the other end of the economic scale，dock labourers handled the products of empire but could not possess them except by theft，which was endemic and which Mr.Schneer appears to defend as a legitimate weapon of class conflict，“an act of imperial self-definition”.This，the sharp end of colonial trade，had wider political ramifications，for the dockers’ harsh working conditions spawned aggressive and eventually effective trade unions.Meanwhile，the seeds of the liberation movements that were to flower in mid-century were sown by exiled Indians and West Indians，encouraged by white liberal sympathisers，who published small but influential journals and addressed impassioned public meetings across the capital.Many of them pursued the now discredited tactic of collaborating with the colonial authorities，yet their work laid the foundation for the long and often turbulent process of persuading the British that the conqueror’s role could not be sustained in the long term.■In half a dozen entertaining pages，Mr.Schneer combs the Sherlock Holmes stories of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle for a rich store of imperial themes.Holmes’s London was made up of two empires，“a good one associated with England and personified by two English types，the brilliant amateur detective and his dogged amanuensis； and an evil one associated with criminality，often of non-European origin”.At the beginning of “A Study in Scarlet”，he describes the city as “London，that great cesspool into which all the loungers and idlers of the Empire are irresistibly drained.”■A century on，the attitudes expressed by Conan Doyle are self-evidently racist.Indeed racism was central to the imperial adventure.Should you judge by the standards prevailing then or by the more enlightened ones of today？ Indeed，is it the historian’s job to judge in this sense at all？ In this rich and original study，Mr.Schneer sometimes shows a touch more indignation than needed in denouncing racism and sexism in a society that was still to learn better.The country gave itself the responsibility to ( ).
A.take advantage of the opportunities and profit from them
B.protect the interests of businessmen and financiers in the colonies
C.implement policies made by statesmen，aristocrats and capitalists
D.civilize Africa and the East and take their wealth home in return
正确答案：D
3). A■Bordeaux：An area in southwestern France considered by most wine enthusiasts as the world’s greatest wine-producing region because of the large quantity (ranging from 700 million to 900 million bottles annually) and the high quality of the wines.This large region has about 280，000 vineyard acres and essentially covers the same territory as the department of Gironde.At its center lies the seaport city of Bordeaux，which sits on the Garonne River upstream from the Gironde estuary，which empties into the Atlantic Ocean.The Bordeaux region’s fame dates back some 2，000 years when Romans first sang the praises of its wines.The wide popularity of Bordeaux wines in the United Kingdom (where they’re called clarets) can be traced back to the period from 1152 to 1453，when the English owned this region，which was acquired through a royal marriage and then lost in the 100 Years’ War.Bordeaux gains most of its fame from its red wines，which generally make up over 75 percent of the production.Nevertheless，the region’s rich，sweet white wines from Sauternes are world renowned，and its DRY white wines from Graves have a serious following.Bordeaux’s primary appellations，which cover the entire region，are Bordeaux AC-for red，white，and rose wines-and Bordeaux Superieur AC-a designation for red and rose wines that requires lower grape yields and slightly higher alcohol levels than basic Bordeaux.There are over fifty individual appellations in Bordeaux，and，generally，the smallest ACs produce the highest-quality wines.There are also thousands of individual chateaux-some are quite impressive，while others are simply tiny farmhouses.■B■Burgundy：One of the world’s most famous winegrowing areas，located in eastern France，southeast of Paris.Bourgogne，as it’s called in France，has about 110，000 vineyard acres，which is about 40 percent of what exists in Bordeaux.Burgundy consists of five basic regions.Burgundy and its wines have a long history going back at least to the time when the Romans ruled this region.In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries，the Grand Duchy of Burgundy flourished，controlling an area that included what are now parts of Belgium，the Netherlands，Luxembourg，and a large portion of 4northern France.It was a rich and powerful empire，and the great Dukes of Burgundy savored the region’s marvelous wines as part of their opulent lifestyle.The Burgundy region has established a reputation over the centuries not only for its fine wines but also for its marvelous food.The wines vary considerably from region to region throughout Burgundy，but the focus is on three grape varieties-Pinot Noir and Gamay for red wines and Chardonnay for whites.Though other varieties are grown，they’re being replaced in many areas by the three most prominent grapes.Gamay is the dominant red grape in Beaujolais，while Pinot Noir prevails in the other regions.The very best red wines come from the Grands Crus in the Cote d’Or.Chardonnay is grown throughout the region and reaches its zenith in the Cote de Beaune.Although the wines made of Pinot Noir and Chardonnay get most of the attention，more wines are produced in Beaujolais (where they make Gamay-based wines) than in the rest of Burgundy.In some ways，the Burgundian system for identifying quality wines is much more straightforward than that of Bordeaux.In addition to the Appellation d’Origine Controlee (AC) Bordeaux uses a complex and inconsistent chateau classification system.Burgundy uses only the AC system to classify regions，villages，and individual vineyards into appellations，the theory being that the smaller and more precise the appellation，the higher the general quality of the wine.■C■Champagne：This most celebrated sparkling wine always seems to signal “special occasion”.Though bubbling wines under various appellations abound throughout the world，true Champagne comes only from the Champagne region in northeast France.Most countries bow to this tradition by calling their sparkling wines by other names such as spumante in Italy，Sekt in Germany and vin mousseux in other regions of France.Only in America do some wineries refer to their bubbling wine as “champagne”.Dom Perignon，17th-century cellarmaster of the Abbey of Hautvillers，is celebrated for developing the art of blending wines to create Champagnes with superior flavor.He’s also credited for his work in preventing Champagne bottles and corks from exploding by using thicker bottles and tying the corks down with string.Even then，it’s said that the venerable Dom Perignon lost half his Champagne through the bottles bursting.French Champagne is usually made from a blend of chardonnay and pinot noir or pinot blanc grapes.California “champagnes” generally use the same varieties，while those from New York more often are from the pressings of catawba and delaware grapes.Good Champagne is expensive not only because it’s made with premium grapes，but because it’s made by the methode champenoise.This traditional method requires a second fermentation in the bottle as well as some 100 manual operations (some of which are mechanized today).Champagnes can range in color from pale gold to apricot blush.Their flavors can range from toasty to yeasty and from dry (no sugar added) to sweet.uses a more straightforward system to classify its regions，villages and vineyards？( )
A.Champagne
B.Burgundy
C.Bordeaux
正确答案：B
......
1). A mystery over what caused the brightest supernova ever observed finally appears to have been solved.Two astronomers in the Netherlands say the explosion was the result of a cosmic pile-up： dozens of massive stars crashing into each other，producing a monstrous heavyweight star that eventually exploded，leaving a giant black hole in its wake.■Supernova 2006gy burst into view in September 2006 in a distant galaxy，240 million light years away.The blast was 100 times more powerful than a normal supernova，suggesting the exploding star weighed in at more than a hundred times the mass of the Sun.■But astronomers found a puzzling detail in their observations： the supernova debris contained large amounts of hydrogen，which they would not have expected for such a massive star： It should have shed its outer hydrogen layers at an earlier stage.■Although several possible explanations have been put forward to explain the massive blast-including the formation of a quark star and the production of huge quantities of antimatter-no single theory could easily explain all of the observations.■Now，in the journal Nature，Simon Portegies Zwart and Edward van den Heuvel of the University of Amsterdam say 2006gy may have been the result of a multiple-star collision in a dense stellar cluster.■They say dozens of stars-some of them hydrogen-rich-collided to form a giant weighing in at over 100 Suns.Unable to support its own weight，the colossus blew itself to smithereens in an explosion that outshone its home galaxy.■Computer simulations reveal that multiple collisions are quite likely in very dense star clusters.Our own galaxy，the Milky Way，contains two such superdense clusters (the Arches cluster and the Quintuplet cluster)，close to its centre.Indeed，supernova 2006gy also occurred close to the core of its host galaxy.■If Portegies Zwart and van den Heuvel are right，the dense cluster of stars should become visible once the supernova has faded sufficiently.This should happen a few years from now，they say.■There may be another explanation for the brightness of the supernova，however.In the same issue of Nature，Stan Woosley of the University of California at Santa Cruz and his colleagues show how multiple explosions in a single，very massive star could account for 2006gy’s behaviour.■In this model，every explosion produces an expanding shell of material.When new ejecta catches up and collides with an older shell，so much energy is released that the result will look like an over-luminous supernova.■“One could，I suppose，make our massive star by merging smaller ones，” Woosley said，“but that was not part of our model and does not seem necessary.”■According to Woosley’s calculations，the star may not yet have collapsed into a black hole.A new explosion might happen in about 10 years or so，he says.What phenomenon cannot the astronomers find a satisfactory explanation for？( )
A.The explosion of the supernova has produced very much antimatter
B.The supernova debris contained much hydrogen
C.The supernova resulted in a quark star
D.The supernova destroyed its hydrogen layers at an earlier stage
正确答案：B
2). To capture London in freeze-frame at the turn of the 19th century，Jonathan Schneer develops a single over-arching theme.In a work of persuasive scholarship，written with verve and insight，he analyses the tremendous impact that Britain’s imperial adventure-then at its height-made on nearly every aspect of London’s life.■Few Londoners were unaffected by the country’s self-appointed mission to take Western civilisation to the “【benighted】” peoples of Africa and the East，and to extract much of their natural wealth in return for the favour.The policies that drove imperialism were made by statesmen，aristocrats and capitalists who met regularly around the dinner tables of a few influential and manipulative hostesses.Businessmen and financiers were quick to take advantage of the opportunities open to them，and used some of the profits to protect their interests by sending a volunteer force from the financial district to help fight the Boers.■At the other end of the economic scale，dock labourers handled the products of empire but could not possess them except by theft，which was endemic and which Mr.Schneer appears to defend as a legitimate weapon of class conflict，“an act of imperial self-definition”.This，the sharp end of colonial trade，had wider political ramifications，for the dockers’ harsh working conditions spawned aggressive and eventually effective trade unions.Meanwhile，the seeds of the liberation movements that were to flower in mid-century were sown by exiled Indians and West Indians，encouraged by white liberal sympathisers，who published small but influential journals and addressed impassioned public meetings across the capital.Many of them pursued the now discredited tactic of collaborating with the colonial authorities，yet their work laid the foundation for the long and often turbulent process of persuading the British that the conqueror’s role could not be sustained in the long term.■In half a dozen entertaining pages，Mr.Schneer combs the Sherlock Holmes stories of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle for a rich store of imperial themes.Holmes’s London was made up of two empires，“a good one associated with England and personified by two English types，the brilliant amateur detective and his dogged amanuensis； and an evil one associated with criminality，often of non-European origin”.At the beginning of “A Study in Scarlet”，he describes the city as “London，that great cesspool into which all the loungers and idlers of the Empire are irresistibly drained.”■A century on，the attitudes expressed by Conan Doyle are self-evidently racist.Indeed racism was central to the imperial adventure.Should you judge by the standards prevailing then or by the more enlightened ones of today？ Indeed，is it the historian’s job to judge in this sense at all？ In this rich and original study，Mr.Schneer sometimes shows a touch more indignation than needed in denouncing racism and sexism in a society that was still to learn better.The country gave itself the responsibility to ( ).
A.take advantage of the opportunities and profit from them
B.protect the interests of businessmen and financiers in the colonies
C.implement policies made by statesmen，aristocrats and capitalists
D.civilize Africa and the East and take their wealth home in return
正确答案：D
3). A■Bordeaux：An area in southwestern France considered by most wine enthusiasts as the world’s greatest wine-producing region because of the large quantity (ranging from 700 million to 900 million bottles annually) and the high quality of the wines.This large region has about 280，000 vineyard acres and essentially covers the same territory as the department of Gironde.At its center lies the seaport city of Bordeaux，which sits on the Garonne River upstream from the Gironde estuary，which empties into the Atlantic Ocean.The Bordeaux region’s fame dates back some 2，000 years when Romans first sang the praises of its wines.The wide popularity of Bordeaux wines in the United Kingdom (where they’re called clarets) can be traced back to the period from 1152 to 1453，when the English owned this region，which was acquired through a royal marriage and then lost in the 100 Years’ War.Bordeaux gains most of its fame from its red wines，which generally make up over 75 percent of the production.Nevertheless，the region’s rich，sweet white wines from Sauternes are world renowned，and its DRY white wines from Graves have a serious following.Bordeaux’s primary appellations，which cover the entire region，are Bordeaux AC-for red，white，and rose wines-and Bordeaux Superieur AC-a designation for red and rose wines that requires lower grape yields and slightly higher alcohol levels than basic Bordeaux.There are over fifty individual appellations in Bordeaux，and，generally，the smallest ACs produce the highest-quality wines.There are also thousands of individual chateaux-some are quite impressive，while others are simply tiny farmhouses.■B■Burgundy：One of the world’s most famous winegrowing areas，located in eastern France，southeast of Paris.Bourgogne，as it’s called in France，has about 110，000 vineyard acres，which is about 40 percent of what exists in Bordeaux.Burgundy consists of five basic regions.Burgundy and its wines have a long history going back at least to the time when the Romans ruled this region.In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries，the Grand Duchy of Burgundy flourished，controlling an area that included what are now parts of Belgium，the Netherlands，Luxembourg，and a large portion of 4northern France.It was a rich and powerful empire，and the great Dukes of Burgundy savored the region’s marvelous wines as part of their opulent lifestyle.The Burgundy region has established a reputation over the centuries not only for its fine wines but also for its marvelous food.The wines vary considerably from region to region throughout Burgundy，but the focus is on three grape varieties-Pinot Noir and Gamay for red wines and Chardonnay for whites.Though other varieties are grown，they’re being replaced in many areas by the three most prominent grapes.Gamay is the dominant red grape in Beaujolais，while Pinot Noir prevails in the other regions.The very best red wines come from the Grands Crus in the Cote d’Or.Chardonnay is grown throughout the region and reaches its zenith in the Cote de Beaune.Although the wines made of Pinot Noir and Chardonnay get most of the attention，more wines are produced in Beaujolais (where they make Gamay-based wines) than in the rest of Burgundy.In some ways，the Burgundian system for identifying quality wines is much more straightforward than that of Bordeaux.In addition to the Appellation d’Origine Controlee (AC) Bordeaux uses a complex and inconsistent chateau classification system.Burgundy uses only the AC system to classify regions，villages，and individual vineyards into appellations，the theory being that the smaller and more precise the appellation，the higher the general quality of the wine.■C■Champagne：This most celebrated sparkling wine always seems to signal “special occasion”.Though bubbling wines under various appellations abound throughout the world，true Champagne comes only from the Champagne region in northeast France.Most countries bow to this tradition by calling their sparkling wines by other names such as spumante in Italy，Sekt in Germany and vin mousseux in other regions of France.Only in America do some wineries refer to their bubbling wine as “champagne”.Dom Perignon，17th-century cellarmaster of the Abbey of Hautvillers，is celebrated for developing the art of blending wines to create Champagnes with superior flavor.He’s also credited for his work in preventing Champagne bottles and corks from exploding by using thicker bottles and tying the corks down with string.Even then，it’s said that the venerable Dom Perignon lost half his Champagne through the bottles bursting.French Champagne is usually made from a blend of chardonnay and pinot noir or pinot blanc grapes.California “champagnes” generally use the same varieties，while those from New York more often are from the pressings of catawba and delaware grapes.Good Champagne is expensive not only because it’s made with premium grapes，but because it’s made by the methode champenoise.This traditional method requires a second fermentation in the bottle as well as some 100 manual operations (some of which are mechanized today).Champagnes can range in color from pale gold to apricot blush.Their flavors can range from toasty to yeasty and from dry (no sugar added) to sweet.uses a more straightforward system to classify its regions，villages and vineyards？( )
A.Champagne
B.Burgundy
C.Bordeaux
正确答案：B
......
